具备载荷留置和复飞功能的附着无人机建模与控制策略设计

Modeling and Control Strategy of a Perching Quadrotor with Payload Retention and Re-flight Functions

  • 摘要: 针对无人机在续航时间与载荷能力之间存在的矛盾,提出了一种通过附着与复飞实现能量节约与任务扩展的解决思路. 基于四旋翼构型,设计了带有黏附机构的附着装置,实现机体在垂直壁面上的可靠栖息与载荷留置功能. 在动力学建模方面,分别建立了飞行状态与附着状态下的动力学模型,揭示了系统在不同阶段的自由度变化与推力—姿态耦合关系;在此基础上,设计了覆盖目标引导、压紧、阶梯油门贴壁以及复飞分离全过程的控制策略,从而实现了附着与复飞的完整闭环. 实验结果表明,所构建的飞行与附着状态动力学模型及全过程控制策略,能够有效支撑系统从自由飞行到附着贴壁、再到复飞分离的完整过程,实现了较好的姿态稳定性和载荷留置能力,为无人机在复杂城市环境中的长期任务执行提供了新的技术途径.

     

    Abstract: To address the trade-off between endurance and payload capacity in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), an energy-saving and mission-extending approach based on perching and re-flight was proposed. A quadrotor UAV equipped with an adhesion mechanism was designed to enable reliable perching on vertical surfaces and payload retention. For dynamics modeling, two distinct dynamic models were developed for the flight and perching states, respectively, revealing the variation in the system’s degrees of freedom across phases and the thrust–attitude coupling relationship. Based on these models, a complete control strategy covering target guidance, pressing, stepwise throttle reduction for wall attachment, and re-flight separation was developed to realize a full perching–re-flight closed loop. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed dynamics models and control strategy effectively support the transition from free flight to wall perching and re-flight, achieving stable attitude control and payload retention. This provides a novel technical solution for long-duration UAV operations in complex urban environments.

     

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