Abstract: The requirements and technological development status of battlefield target information collection and damage assessment based on drones were analyzed in detail, and their development trends were judged. Based on the characteristics of the modern battlefield, the practical tactical requirements of using drones to collect target information for damage assessment were analyzed. The difficulties faced by assessing the effect of unmanned aerial vehicle images, such as image feature extraction, numerous constraints on image acquisition, and the quantification standards of assessment results were summarized. Key technologies in image acquisition, geometric model construction, and evaluation model construction were sorted out for destruction effect evaluation. The framework for evaluating the damage effect of drone images was compressed, providing a concise yet comprehensive overview of the process. Finally, the future development of damage evaluation based on drone images was discussed and summarized, which provides reference for its future application in both civilian and military fields.