Abstract: The heat insulation performance of a new heat insulated piston was studied based on finite element analysis and experimental verification. Firstly, the heat exchange coefficient of the piston was determined by means of performance simulation calculation and empirical equations. Secondly, the temperature field and the heat flux distribution model were obtained using finite element thermal analysis. And the changes of heat flux distribution model were also discussed for the piston with compound heat insulation structure. Finally, the heat insulation performance of the piston was verified by the temperature field simulation test. The results show that the heat insulation structures, such as heat insulation pad and air gap, can greatly improve the heat and load carrying capacity of the piston. And the heat insulation degree of the piston can exceed 60%. The error between the simulation results and the finite element calculation results is within 5%, which indicates that the finite element calculation results have high engineering reference value.