Abstract: MUC1 is a highly glycosylyted and large-molecular-weight glycoprotein, mainly expressed highly abnormal in breast cancer cells. Its specificity is higher than tissue polypeptide antigen, and its sensitivity is higher than cancer embryo antigen. Therefore, MUC1 possesses great clinical value in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and the development of a highly sensitive detecting method for MUC1 protein plays a more important role for clinical diagnosis. In the present study, sensitive detecting method for MUC1 was based on nucleic acid aptamer-rollong circle amplification (RCA) and graphene oxid-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (GO-FRET). The results show that, the linear range of quantitative detection can reach 50~1 000 pg/mL, and the limit of detection is 28.05 pg/mL, the limit of quantitation is 45.57 pg/mL. The recovery of MUC1 in human serum can be ranged from 96% to 104%.