Abstract: In order to obtain high-precision image with obvious defect characteristics in defect detection of mobile phone glass cover, the linear array camera with high-quality image need to be calibrated precisely. A calibration method with improved genetic optimization algorithm of linear array camera was proposed. Based on the existing linear scan model, the image distortion of linear scan image was corrected and the new calibration parameters were derived. The solution of new calibration parameters was a non-linear problem. An improved genetic optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize the solution process. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher calibration accuracy in the actual scanning detection environment than the general genetic algorithm and image distortion correction.