Abstract: The concentration limit of combustible dust is one of the sufficient conditions for dust explosion. The monitoring of dust concentration is an effective method to prevent disaster, but there is no practical technology to detect the concentration of combustible dust up to now. To solve this problem, an ultrasound-electricity comprehensive measurement scheme is presented, and the mixed structure system is designed. The relation of comprehensive measurement data is analyzed and a two-level data fusion model is proposed. The data fusion algorithm based on the optimal weighting method is studied, and ultimately a rapid fuel concentration detection model is given. The results show that the multi-mode fuel concentration detection method is able to realize the rapid and accurate concentration detection.