Abstract: To evaluate the residual stresses on the ground surfaces of gears made of carburized 18CrNi4A and improve the fatigue life, fully carburized specimens were prepared and tested by the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) method, achieving a series of stress-strain curves under several combinations of temperatures and strain rates. Then parameters of the Johnson-Cook (J-C) plasticity model were fitted and applied to a numerical model of a grinding process. The simulation result agrees well with the relevant test.