Abstract: Based on the damage requirements of urban warfare, a method combining numerical simulation and experimental research was adopted to conduct research on axial prefabricated active fragment warheads, exploring the influence laws of the power of axial prefabricated fragment warheads, and guiding the structural design of axial prefabricated fragment warheads. Firstly, the factors influencing the power of axial prefabricated fragment warheads were analyzed through simulation. Orthogonal analysis was conducted on shell thickness, fragment shape, and bottom end cover thickness of axial prefabricated fragment warheads. Through research methods such as range analysis, the combination of warhead structures optimizing the average speed of fragments and the influence laws of each structure on fragment speed were obtained. Then, the destructive effect of axial prefabricated active fragment warheads was verified through field tests. The results show that, compared with traditional fragment warheads, axial prefabricated active fragment warheads not only can meet the damage density requirements for typical targets, but also have a good fragmentation effect. This verifies their feasibility and effectiveness in urban warfare environments.