Study of the Spectrum-Orbit Resources as Common Heritage of Mankind

The radio spectrum and satellite orbits are limited natural resources. They are distributed by the International Telecommunication Union through an international cooperation management system on the international level. The basis for resources distribution is the Radio Regulations adopted by different countries at the World Radio-communication Conference. A country’s right in spectrum and orbit resources are a kind of right to use with preference. The resources are the common heritage of mankind that has five elements: non-claim of sovereignty, non-appropriation, common management, benefits-sharing among nations and use for peaceful purpose. The commercialization in space activities triggers the potential transfer of the satellite and its frequency and orbit slot. This calls for the reform of the international mechanism for resources distribution so as to balance the efficient use and the need of resources among countries.