Feasibility and Environmental Protection of “Zero Carbon Rural” from the Perspective of Energy Transition—Take F Village in Middle Area of Shaanxi Province as an Example

The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are related to the overall situation of economic and social development, and rural energy transition is an important fulcrum for promoting sustainable social development. Based on energy consumption and carbon emissions of F Village in central Shaanxi Province, a practical concept of "zero-carbon village" was constructed based on "carbon source-carbon sink" balance and"carbon neutralization" evaluation framework. Through questionnaires and household visits to 427 households of farmers, first-hand data and information were grasped, and the energy consumption structure of F Village was studied. Carbon emissions and the use of distributed renewable energy were analyzed in detail. The results show that households' cooking and heating are still dominated by solid fuels such as coal, straw and firewood, and they rarely or never use clean energy; households' awareness of environmental protection is strong, but the knowledge of environmental protection is scarce; considering the resource endowment characteristics of the middle area in Shaanxi province, it is believed that it is possible to use distributed photovoltaic power generation to replace traditional energy sources. As a result, households can achieve clean energy substitution and zero-carbon by installing distributed photovoltaic scale of 2.34 kW, if when households install distributed photovoltaic of 5 kW, they can not only realize energy self-sufficiency, but also have a large profit margin. The carbon emission ratio of commercial energy in F Village is higher than that of non-commercial energy, among which the carbon emission from loose coal combustion accounts for 47%~50%. The use of distributed photovoltaic power generation instead of traditional straw, coal, firewood, coal power etc. can reduce the environmental emissions of 1 225.6~1 436 tons of carbon dioxide, with outstanding environmental protection performance.