Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Convergence or Divergence?-Empirical Analysis based on the Data of the 112 Countries and Areas

Based on a new method of convergence test and an identification algorithm of club convergence, this paper employs the sample of 112 countries over the world to examine the convergence of carbon dioxide emissions per capita. Our main findings are as follows.(1) Carbon dioxide emissions per capita of the whole sample does not converge.(2)There are three convergence clubs of carbon dioxide emissions per capita:"high emissions and high growth(HH)" club, "middle emissions and middle growth(MM)" club and "low emissions and low growth(LL)" club. (3)Countries of high income tend to converge to HH club; meanwhile countries of high energy price tend to converge to LL club; factors such as industry structure, country scale and energy efficiency do not play a significant role in the club convergence.