离婚协议中不动产权属约定排除执行的解释路径

    Interpretation Path of Excluding Execution of Real Estate Ownership Stipulated in a Divorce Agreement

    • 摘要: 离婚协议中不动产权属约定符合债权的一般特征,原则上不构成排除执行的异议事由。考虑到离婚协议的家事伦理性,有必要突破债权平等原则,对离婚债权予以优先保护,赋予其排除执行的效力。在实体法理上,事实物权与物权期待权僭越既有的物债二分体系,不能为离婚债权排除执行提供正当性依据。债权物权化通过赋予离婚债权部分物权效力,为未登记继受人债权强化提供合理解释,能保持物权概念的纯粹性与体系融贯性,可以例外地作为离婚债权排除执行的实体基础。在程序法理上,案外人执行异议之诉是对强制执行形式化原则的矫正,确保法律不因形式化执行而偏离实质正义,通过诉讼程序组织双方充分辩论,实现一揽子解决纠纷,构成离婚债权排除执行的程序基础。在实体要件审查上,为排除夫妻假借离婚恶意逃债之嫌,法官需审查离婚协议签订时间早于执行债权成立时间、案外人实际占有涉案房屋及非因案外人原因未办理过户登记等要件。

       

      Abstract: The real estate ownership agreement in the divorce agreement conforms to the general characteristics of the creditor’s rights, and in principle does not constitute an objection to the exclusion of execution. Considering the family ethics of divorce agreement, it is necessary to break through the principle of equality of creditor’s rights, give priority to the protection of divorce creditor’s rights, and give it the effect of excluding execution. In terms of substantive jurisprudence, the factual property right and the expectation right of property right arrogate the existing dichotomy system of property and debt, and cannot provide a legitimate basis for the exclusion of divorce claims. By giving the divorce creditor’s right part of the real right effect, the real right of the creditor’s right not only provides a reasonable explanation for the strengthening of the creditor’s right of the unregistered successor, but also maintains the purity and system coherence of the concept of real right, which can be exceptionally used as the substantive basis for the exclusion of the execution of the divorce creditor’s right. In terms of procedural jurisprudence, the lawsuit of objection to execution by an outsider is a correction of the formal principle of enforcement, ensuring that the law does not deviate from substantive justice due to formal execution, and organizing full debate between the two parties through litigation procedures to achieve a package of dispute resolution, which constitutes the procedural basis for the exclusion of divorce claims. In the examination of substantive elements, in order to exclude the suspicion of malicious evasion of debts by husband and wife under the guise of divorce, the judge needs to examine the time of signing the divorce agreement earlier than the time of the establishment of the execution of the creditor’s rights, the actual possession of the house involved by the outsider and the failure to register the transfer of the house for reasons other than the outsider.

       

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