Abstract: Based on structural functionalism and systems theory, a three-dimensional analytical framework of “structure-behavior-function” was constructed. The connotations of two major systems were clarified, the concept of “reinforcing loops” from system dynamics was introduced, its bidirectional empowerment mechanism was revealed, practical paths to realize reinforcing loops were proposed, andthe mechanism of interaction between national strategic scientific and technological strength and integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities were further uncovered. Research results indicate that the national strategic scientific and technological forces, as a micro-level innovation cluster, focuses on tackling key S&T challenges and delivering direct outputs, while the integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities, as a macro-level giant system, emphasizes integration and the emergence of nonlinear functions. The two achieve synergy through three reinforcing loops: at the structural level, a “Mission Anchoring-Strategic Steering” loop facilitates goal alignment and structural coupling; at the behavioral level, a “Mechanism Embedding-Feedback Iteration” loop promotes cross-system collaboration and dynamic optimization; and at the functional level, an “Innovation Driven-Synergistic Enhancement” loop realizes complementary reinforcement between the supply and demand sides. These three loops cyclically reinforce each other, collectively enhancing the nation's comprehensive strategic capabilites.