Abstract: The market-oriented trading of resource and environmental elements is an effective way to promote effective utilization of resources and environmental protection. Therefore, building a scientific trading rule system is of great value for regulating market trading behavior. 102 policy texts were selected as research samples and NVivo 14 software was used to extract the framework mechanism of resource and environmental elements trading rules using grounded theory. Based on this, relevant structural models were established. The research results indicate that the trading rules for resource and environmental factors include basic operation mechanisms, supervision and compliance mechanisms, and incentive and promotion mechanisms, which form the evolutionary logic of “smooth operation–strengthened supervision–long-term development”. In addition, by comparing and analyzing the trading rules and mechanisms of data elements, the rationality of this conclusion has been verified.