Abstract: Both Li Dazhao and Tan Pingshan paid attention to the trend of land annexation in modern rural Chinese society, as well as the extremely harsh living conditions of peasants. They advocated the abolition of the landlord class and the system of private ownership of land, and the solution of the land problem by “Arable Land for farmers/peasants ”. The difference is that Li Dazhao firmly supported peasants’ reasonable demand for land rights and encouraged and guided them in their struggle for land rights. In the latter part of the Revolution, Tan Pingshan had a tendency to restrict peasants’ struggle for land and discourage peasant movements. Tan Pingshan was constrained by his multiple roles and the need to maintain alliance with the small and medium sized landowning classes and others. Although some of his ideas were adapted to the current situation, they restricted the development of peasant movements and the realization of peasants’ land rights. As for Li Dazhao, his exploration of the rural land issue touched on the essence of the Chinese revolution, and was basically in line with the characteristics and laws of social change in the modern rural areas of China.