Abstract: Central environmental protection supervision strengthens the rigidity of environmental law enforcement with a "high-level" cross-level governance approach, thereby stimulating the diversified response methods and governance orientations of local governments at all levels. Based on the inter-government relationship theory,an analysis framework of "supervision-response" was constructed. A logical investigation of local governments' response to the central environmental protection supervision found that under the pressure of environmental assessment, the local government adopted a passive "one-size-fits-all" response method, which alleviated the pressure of accountability brought by the central environmental protection supervision in a short period of time, transferred the main responsibility of "pollution control",reduced the public's attention to environmental protection interviews and the magnification of public opinion. But the multiple secondary risks derived from it will not only weaken the credibility of local governments but also affect local economic development. As a positive "cut a knife" response orientation, it not only realizes the organic combination of precision governance,typical governance and classified governance,but also helps to improve the performance of local environmental policy implementation and achieve "effective governance" of the environment. The shift from"onesizefitsall" to "cut a knife" means that the grassroots ecological environment governance capacity is gradually improving, and it is also an inevitable requirement for the modernization of the environmental governance system and governance capacity.