Abstract: Deviation of policy implementation affects the effect of policy implementation. Based on the case analysis of desertification control of five regions in northern China, the deviation in the policy implementation of desertification control in China was explored. The study finds four kinds of bad deviation of policy implementation due to various causes-the symbolic implementation caused by the distorted view of local interests and achievements, alternative implementation caused by the lack of institutional constraints, the quality of policy implementation and mechanical implementation caused by lack of creative policy implementation, and policy disconnection caused by insufficient participation of target groups, and proposes some corresponding correction countermeasures.