Abstract: Under the background of the current severe environmental situation,it is of great practical significance for enterprises to realize the development of low carbonization,and the practice of low-carbon awareness and behavior is worthy of attention. Based on the "Attitude-context-behavior" theory and the legitimacy theory,we use the panel regression model to test the impact of enterprises' low-carbon awareness on their low-carbon behavior,as well as the moderating effect of external context variables(organizational legitimacy). We use a sample of 216 firm-year observations of the heavily polluting industrial activities of Chinese A-share listed firms over the period 2011-2016. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the low-carbon awareness of enterprises and low-carbon behavior,which is significant in non-state-owned samples. Also,we found that low-carbon awareness has a strong promoting effect on soft low-carbon behavior. There is a significant positive regulatory effect of organizational legitimacy on the relationship between low-carbon awareness and soft low-carbon behavior.