Abstract: We point out that the development of the Chinese new energy vehicle(NEV) industry enters into a new era. In 2017,private purchase of NEVs reached 41%,a large increase in comparison with previous years. The market concentration in vehicle power battery industry continuously rose. The share of installed ternary batteries reached 44%,ranking the second place in all installed vehicle batteries. Every one charger needs to serve more than three EVs. The double credit-score policy was officially promulgated and subsidies are phased out at a higher rate. The Chinese NEV industry is experiencing transition from policy-oriented development to market-driven development. Challenges are obvious. The private market demand needs further stimulation; the battery and other core technologies of key components need breakthrough; and construction and operation of charging facilities need improved. The implementation of the double credit-score program and subsidies phase-out policies will fundamentally change the Chinese automotive industry. Fuel cell vehicles and smart cars are the important future direction.