Abstract: In the era of big data, data governance is a key area and important way of government governance. At present, government data governance is faced with the problems of poor management quality, weak security control and low open sharing. Block chain technology is a kind of new Internet technology, which is decentralized, trust-free, traceable, transparent and safe. Block chain technology can effectively overcome the existing problems of government data governance. However, the block chain technology brings about risks and challenges in the management of government data governance in terms of management authority, security supervision and legal order. It is urgent for the government to clarify the application concept, innovate the supervision mechanism and improve the system to promote the application of block chain technology in data governance.