Abstract: How to apply big data to enhance the efficiency of national defense mobilization potential investigation is the key topic of government. Based on the definition and characteristics of big data of national mobilization potential,this paper analyzes the advantages of national defense mobilization potential investigationin big data era. Meanwhile,we also finds that there are still some dilemmas such as limitation of thinking,inconsistency of indicators,imperfect system,lack of technology,coordination of data sharing and protection. We break through the bottleneck of "data is not available,data will not be used" through the six modules,which include thinking and consciousness,management system,indicator system,core technology,professionals and secure sharing,so as to integrate national defense mobilization data resources,extend data contents and improve work efficiency.