Abstract: The state of nature is the theoretical cornerstone and logical starting point of modern western political philosophy and jurisprudence. The development history of the theory of natural state is a development history of human rights. Despite Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau give different connotations to the concept of the state of nature, they all regard the state of nature as a non-political state of human existence in which human beings originally lived. And political society is established to better protect natural rights. Their concept of the state of nature is actually a kind of thought experiment or theoretical hypothesis, and this does not affect the validity of the logical argument which is based on the premise. As a way of argumentation, the state of nature fully embodies the unification of history and logic. The purpose of their proposed doctrines of the state of nature is not to reproduce the original state of human beings in history, but to demonstrate the reason of the origin of political society.