Abstract: “Party responsibility” is the political discourse and basic orientation of the construction of the Communist Party of China in the new era. In this sense, from the perspective of “idea-structure-action” of responsibility politics, we can understand how the Communist Party of China defines and performs its responsibilities from three aspects: ideological power, organizational power and executive power. Firstly, “people-centered” is the fundamental symbol of the Communist Party of China as a Marxist political party, the responsibility concept that the Communist Party of China has always adhered to, and reflects the strong ideological power of the Communist Party of China. Secondly, while strengthening its own organization, the Communist Party of China has continued the party building tradition that “the Party branch is organized on a company basis”, and consolidated the institutional foundation of the core position of the party’s leadership, which is the fundamental guarantee of institutional advantages. Lastly, the action policy of “meeting people's expectations” constructs the responsiveness of the Communist Party of China and is the key hub for transforming institutional advantages into governance efficiency. Under the synergy of concept, structure and action, the party building of the Communist Party of China has effectively promoted the process of national governance.