Abstract: This paper analyzed energy cooperation between China and central Asian countries based on evolutionary game model. It showed:firstly,the possibility of energy cooperation would be improved if the energy cooperation cost decreased;secondly,the possibility of energy cooperation would also be improved if energy cooperation earnings increased. It also revealed that the initial intention of cooperation was important to energy cooperation. That is,the energy cooperation must succeed in the end when China and central Asian countries were all very willing to carry out energy cooperation at the initial moment. The energy cooperation wouldn't succeed when there were one side unwilling to cooperate with the other side. This paper also found that the reluctance of energy cooperation between China and Central Asian countries was the main reason leading to few energy cooperation projects.